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Logo Programming Language
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The Logo programming language is an adaptation by Wally Feurzeig and Seymour Papert of the Lisp programming language that is easier to read. One could say that Logo is Lisp without the parentheses. Today, it is known principally for its "turtle graphics", but it also has significant list handling facilities, file handling and I/O facilities. Logo can be used to teach most computer science concepts, as Brian Harvey does in his "Computer Science Logo Style" trilogy. It can also be used to prepare "microworlds" for students to investigate. |
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ML Programming Language
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ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at Edinburgh University, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM. Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of which ML was the metalanguage is pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply-typed polymorphic lambda-calculus). Among functional programming languages, it is most well-known for its use of the Hindley-Milner type inference algorithm, which can infer almost all types without annotation. |
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Objective-C
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Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC and more seldom as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language used in NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP. Objective-C can also be written and compiled using systems that gcc runs on, as it includes an Objective-C compiler. |
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Pascal Programming Language
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Pascal is one of the landmark computer programming languages on which generations of students cut their teeth and variants of which are still widely used today. TeX and much of the original Macintosh operating system were written in Pascal. |
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Perl
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Perl, also Practical Extraction and Report Language (a backronym, see below), is a programming language released by Larry Wall on December 18, 1987 that borrows features from C, sed, awk, shell scripting (sh), and (to a lesser extent) from many other programming languages. |
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PHP
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PHP (a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor") is a widely-used open-source programming language primarily for server-side applications and developing dynamic web content. Famous examples of PHP applications include phpBB and MediaWiki, the software behind Wikipedia. The PHP model can be seen as an alternative to Microsoft's ASP/VBScript/JScript system, Macromedia's ColdFusion system, Sun Microsystems' JSP/Java system, and to the CGI/Perl system. |
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PL/I
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PL/I ("Programming Language One", pronounced "pee el one") is a computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications. It has a very large vocabulary of built-in functions. In fact, there is probably no one compiler that has the full standard of keywords available. PL/I compilers are normally subsets of the language that specialize in various fields. The language syntax is English-like and suited for describing complex data formats, with a wide set of functions available to verify and manipulate them. PL/I's principal domain is data processing. PL/I supports recursion and structured programming. |
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Prolog
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Prolog is a logical programming language. The name Prolog is taken from programmation en logique ("logic programming"). It was created by Alain Colmerauer around 1972. It was an attempt to make a programming language that enabled the expression of logic instead of carefully specified instructions on the computer. |
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Python Programming Language
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Python is an interpreted, interactive programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1990, originally as a scripting language for Amoeba OS capable of making system calls. Python is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme, Java and Ruby. Python is developed as an open source project, managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. Python 2.4 was released on 30 November 2004. |
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Ruby Programming Language
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Ruby is an object-oriented programming language. It combines syntax inspired by Ada and Perl with Smalltalk-like object oriented features, and also shares some features with Python, Lisp and CLU. It was originally designed as an interpreted language, though in its JRuby implementation it may be compiled. |
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